NAD+ : Metabolic Regulation and Anti-Aging

• Energy production
  NAD+ is one of the key components in the cellular respiratory chain. Through redox reactions, it helps convert food into usable energy. During this process, NAD+ accepts electrons and is reduced to NADH.
• DNA Repair
  NAD+ is the substrate of PARP (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase), and this enzyme is crucial for the detection and repair of DNA damage.
• Activation of longevity genes
  NAD+ is also a necessary substrate for proteins in the Sirtuins family. These proteins are associated with extending lifespan, regulating inflammation and stress responses.
• Cellular Signal Transduction
  NAD+ is also involved in a variety of other cellular signaling pathways, including those that regulate circadian rhythms, immune functions, and neuroprotection.
• Anti-aging
  As people age, the level of NAD+ in the body decreases. Maintaining or increasing the level of NAD+ is believed to help delay the physiological decline associated with aging.
• Promoting health
  Studies have shown that NAD+ helps maintain cardiovascular health, improve muscle function, and enhance the immune system, among other benefits.

Research

• Energy Metabolism: In vitro and animal studies consistently demonstrate NAD⁺’s role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and ATP synthesis.
• DNA Repair: Research shows NAD⁺ depletion compromises DNA repair capacity through impaired PARP activity .
• Sirtuin Pathways: Studies demonstrate NAD⁺ is essential for sirtuin-mediated regulation of gene expression, inflammation, and cellular lifespan .
• Animal Models: NAD⁺ supplementation has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress and improve metabolic function in rodent models.
• Human Studies: Early clinical research indicates NAD⁺ administration can influence markers of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and systemic wellness. While further investigation is required, these findings highlight its potential relevance in metabolic and aging research.